E-ISSN 1858-8360 | ISSN 0256-4408
 
2026, Vol: 26, Issue: 1
26 / 1Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Title page

Original Article
Online Published: 04 Jul 2026
 


Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Anil Kumar, Harshini Veera, Sandeep Jhajra, Sanjay Kumar Tanti.


Abstract
Abstract
Background: Neonatal pain is a critical yet often under-recognized clinical issue, particularly in preterm infants who demonstrate heightened sensitivity due to neurological immaturity. Procedural pain, including vaccination, may have both immediate physiological effects and long-term neurodevelopmental consequences.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of facilitated tucking and kangaroo mother care (KMC) in reducing pain during BCG vaccination in preterm neonates with corrected gestational age ≥34 weeks.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary NICU between 2022 and 2024. A total of 164 preterm neonates were randomized into facilitated tucking (n=82) and KMC (n=82) groups. Pain was assessed using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), and physiological parameters were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: Mean NIPS scores were significantly lower in the facilitated tucking group (1.9±0.7) compared to the KMC group (3.2±0.9) (p=0.004). A greater proportion of neonates experienced no pain in the facilitated tucking group (52.4%) compared to KMC (35.3%). No significant differences were observed in physiological parameters.
Conclusion: Facilitated tucking is more effective than KMC in alleviating vaccination-related pain in preterm neonates and can be recommended as a routine non-pharmacological intervention in NICUs.

Key words: Preterm neonates, facilitated tucking, kangaroo mother care, neonatal pain, vaccination, NIPS


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Anil Kumar
Articles by Harshini Veera
Articles by Sandeep Jhajra
Articles by Sanjay Kumar Tanti
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kumar A, Veera H, Jhajra S, Tanti SK. Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sudan J Paed. Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922

Web Style

Kumar A, Veera H, Jhajra S, Tanti SK. Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. https://sudanjp.com//?mno=320543 [Access: July 05, 2026]. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kumar A, Veera H, Jhajra S, Tanti SK. Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sudan J Paed. Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kumar A, Veera H, Jhajra S, Tanti SK. Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sudan J Paed, [cited July 05, 2026]; Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922


Harvard Style

Kumar, A., Veera, . H., Jhajra, . S. & Tanti, . S. K. (0) Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sudan J Paed, Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922


Turabian Style

Kumar, Anil, Harshini Veera, Sandeep Jhajra, and Sanjay Kumar Tanti. 0. Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922


Chicago Style

Kumar, Anil, Harshini Veera, Sandeep Jhajra, and Sanjay Kumar Tanti. "Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kumar, Anil, Harshini Veera, Sandeep Jhajra, and Sanjay Kumar Tanti. "Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. Web. 05 Jul 2026 doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kumar, A., Veera, . H., Jhajra, . S. & Tanti, . S. K. (0) Facilitated Tucking versus Kangaroo Mother Care in Alleviating BCG Vaccination Associated Pain in Preterm Neonates ≥34 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, Online First: 04 Jul, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1778500922




Most Viewed Articles
Most Accessed Articles

  • Rheumatic heart disease in North Darfur: an alarmingly high burden and control initiative
    Nagwa Salih, Ishag Eisa, Daresalam Ishag, Intisar Ibrahim, Sulafa Ali
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 24-27
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.4

  • Feeding growth restricted premature neonates: a challenging perspective
    Siba Prosad Paul, Emily Natasha Kirkham, Katherine Amy Hawton, Paul Anthony Mannix
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(2): 5-14
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1519511375

  • Congenital brain malformations in Sudanese children: an outpatient-based study
    Inaam Noureldyme Mohammed, Soad Abdalaziz Suliman, Maha A Elseed, Ahlam Abdalrhman Hamed, Mohamed Osman Babiker, Shaimaa Osman Taha
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 48-56
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.7

  • Evaluation of Science. [eng]
    Adnan Mahmmood Usmani; Sultan Ayoub Meo
    Sudan J Paed. 2011; 11(1): 6-7
    » Abstract

  • Medical education and services in an extreme environment
    Mustafa Abdalla M. Salih, Mohammed Osman Swar
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 2-5
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.1

    •
    Most Downloaded
    Top Downloaded Articles

  • The role of micronutrients in thyroid dysfunction
    Amir Babiker, Afnan Alawi, Mohsen Al Atawi, Ibrahim Al Alwan
    Sudan J Paed. 2020; 20(1): 13-19
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1587138942

  • Neonatal polycythaemia
    Bashir Abdrhman Bashir, Suhair Abdrahim Othman
    Sudan J Paed. 2019; 19(2): 81-83
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1566075225

  • Anti-diabetic medications: How to make a choice?
    Amir Babiker, Mohammed Al Dubayee
    Sudan J Paed. 2017; 17(2): 11-20
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2017.2.12

  • Relactation in lactation failure and low milk supply
    Anita Mehta, Arvind Kumar Rathi, Komal Prasad Kushwaha, Abhishek Singh
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 39-47
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.6

  • Inborn errors of metabolism associated with hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis and diabetes mellitus: narrative review
    Majid Alfadhel, Amir Babiker
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 10-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.3

    •

    About Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics

    Sudanese Journal of  Paediatrics is available free online at https://sudanjp.com/​.  Archives can also be found at https://sudanjp.org/. There ... Read more.



    For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

    Contact Information

    Editor in Chief: Prof Satti Abdulrahim Satti Mohamed, Professor of Pediatrics and Child Health. Pediatric Tropical & Infectious Disease Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Sudan. 

    E-mail: sattiabd99@gmail.com
    Sudan Association of Paediatricians, Building No.71,   Block No.65,  Arkaweet,  Khartoum, Sudan.

    https://sudanap.org/

     
    Journal Email: editor.sudanjp@gmail.com

    Technical Support:
    anastasiia.pavlenco@sofiafields.com
    https://sofiafields.com/ 


    Hosting Providor:
    contact@discoverpublish.com
    https://discoverpublish.com/ 
    POLICIES & JOURNAL LINKS
    Author Login
    Reviewer Login
    Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherEditorial PoliciesEditorial Review PolicyPeer Review PolicyEditorial & Peer Review ProcessAuthor's Rights and ObligationsPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Privacy PolicyCorrections, Retractions & Expressions of ConcernSelf-Archiving PoliciesStatement of Informed ConsentAdvertising PolicyTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information