E-ISSN 1858-8360 | ISSN 0256-4408
 
2026, Vol: 26, Issue: 1
26 / 1Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Title page

Original Article
Online Published: 27 Jun 2026
 


A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study

Dharmraj Maurya, Ankur Kumar, Anita Mehta, Hirawati Dewal, Neha Srivastava, Ajeet Kumar Yadav.


Abstract
A novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a global health problem, that occurred in waves and resulted in high mortality globally. This is a single-centre retrospective study conducted in a Medical College’s dedicated Covid hospital in India during the first wave (March-November 2020) and second wave (March-May 2021) of COVID-19 pandemic on 104 children below 18 years of age to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients during the first and second waves. During first wave (n=57, 54.8%) majority of children (n=36, 63.16%) were between 5-18 years, but during the second wave (n=47, 62.09%), majority of children (n=29, 61.70%) were below 5 years. Neonates outnumbered during second wave (n=11, 23.4% vs n=1, 1.8%). Asymptomatic patients (n=24, 42.1%) were common during first wave, while severe-grade patients (n=19, 40.4%) were common during second wave. During both the waves, fever and respiratory distress were the common symptoms followed by cough. Respiratory distress (p=0.0003), CRP (p=.008), SPO2 <94% (p=0.00002) and acidosis (p=0.001) were significantly higher during the second wave. Use of steroids and LMW heparin were similar in two waves, but ICU admission (p=0.0031), oxygen via nasal prongs (p=0.0003), use of CPAP/BIPAP (p=0.031), blood and blood products (p=0.044), comorbidity (p=0.017) and mortality (p=0.008) were significantly higher during second wave. ICU admission, use of blood and blood products, mechanical ventilation, comorbidity and mortality were found to be higher during second wave.

Key words: COVID-19, Children, First wave, Second Wave, D-dimer, Serum Ferritin, Procalcitonin, C Reactive Protein, Loss of smell and taste, LMW Heparin, Comorbidity


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Dharmraj Maurya
Articles by Ankur Kumar
Articles by Anita Mehta
Articles by Hirawati Dewal
Articles by Neha Srivastava
Articles by Ajeet Kumar Yadav
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Maurya D, Kumar A, Mehta A, Dewal H, Srivastava N, Yadav AK. A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study. Sudan J Paed. Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401

Web Style

Maurya D, Kumar A, Mehta A, Dewal H, Srivastava N, Yadav AK. A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study. https://sudanjp.com//?mno=204131 [Access: June 27, 2026]. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Maurya D, Kumar A, Mehta A, Dewal H, Srivastava N, Yadav AK. A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study. Sudan J Paed. Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Maurya D, Kumar A, Mehta A, Dewal H, Srivastava N, Yadav AK. A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study. Sudan J Paed, [cited June 27, 2026]; Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401


Harvard Style

Maurya, D., Kumar, . A., Mehta, . A., Dewal, . H., Srivastava, . N. & Yadav, . A. K. (0) A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study. Sudan J Paed, Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401


Turabian Style

Maurya, Dharmraj, Ankur Kumar, Anita Mehta, Hirawati Dewal, Neha Srivastava, and Ajeet Kumar Yadav. 0. A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401


Chicago Style

Maurya, Dharmraj, Ankur Kumar, Anita Mehta, Hirawati Dewal, Neha Srivastava, and Ajeet Kumar Yadav. "A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Maurya, Dharmraj, Ankur Kumar, Anita Mehta, Hirawati Dewal, Neha Srivastava, and Ajeet Kumar Yadav. "A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study." Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. Web. 27 Jun 2026 doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Maurya, D., Kumar, . A., Mehta, . A., Dewal, . H., Srivastava, . N. & Yadav, . A. K. (0) A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Patients Admitted During First and Second Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India: A Retrospective Observational Study. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, Online First: 27 Jun, 2026. doi:10.24911/SJP.106-1717338401




Most Viewed Articles
Most Accessed Articles

  • Rheumatic heart disease in North Darfur: an alarmingly high burden and control initiative
    Nagwa Salih, Ishag Eisa, Daresalam Ishag, Intisar Ibrahim, Sulafa Ali
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 24-27
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.4

  • Feeding growth restricted premature neonates: a challenging perspective
    Siba Prosad Paul, Emily Natasha Kirkham, Katherine Amy Hawton, Paul Anthony Mannix
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(2): 5-14
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1519511375

  • Congenital brain malformations in Sudanese children: an outpatient-based study
    Inaam Noureldyme Mohammed, Soad Abdalaziz Suliman, Maha A Elseed, Ahlam Abdalrhman Hamed, Mohamed Osman Babiker, Shaimaa Osman Taha
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 48-56
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.7

  • Evaluation of Science. [eng]
    Adnan Mahmmood Usmani; Sultan Ayoub Meo
    Sudan J Paed. 2011; 11(1): 6-7
    » Abstract

  • Medical education and services in an extreme environment
    Mustafa Abdalla M. Salih, Mohammed Osman Swar
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 2-5
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.1

    •
    Most Downloaded
    Top Downloaded Articles

  • The role of micronutrients in thyroid dysfunction
    Amir Babiker, Afnan Alawi, Mohsen Al Atawi, Ibrahim Al Alwan
    Sudan J Paed. 2020; 20(1): 13-19
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1587138942

  • Neonatal polycythaemia
    Bashir Abdrhman Bashir, Suhair Abdrahim Othman
    Sudan J Paed. 2019; 19(2): 81-83
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.106-1566075225

  • Anti-diabetic medications: How to make a choice?
    Amir Babiker, Mohammed Al Dubayee
    Sudan J Paed. 2017; 17(2): 11-20
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2017.2.12

  • Relactation in lactation failure and low milk supply
    Anita Mehta, Arvind Kumar Rathi, Komal Prasad Kushwaha, Abhishek Singh
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 39-47
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.6

  • Inborn errors of metabolism associated with hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis and diabetes mellitus: narrative review
    Majid Alfadhel, Amir Babiker
    Sudan J Paed. 2018; 18(1): 10-23
    » Abstract » doi: 10.24911/SJP.2018.1.3

    •

    About Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics

    Sudanese Journal of  Paediatrics is available free online at https://sudanjp.com/​.  Archives can also be found at https://sudanjp.org/. There ... Read more.



    For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

    Contact Information

    Editor in Chief: Prof Satti Abdulrahim Satti Mohamed, Professor of Pediatrics and Child Health. Pediatric Tropical & Infectious Disease Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Sudan. 

    E-mail: sattiabd99@gmail.com
    Sudan Association of Paediatricians, Building No.71,   Block No.65,  Arkaweet,  Khartoum, Sudan.

    https://sudanap.org/

     
    Journal Email: editor.sudanjp@gmail.com

    Technical Support:
    anastasiia.pavlenco@sofiafields.com
    https://sofiafields.com/ 


    Hosting Providor:
    contact@discoverpublish.com
    https://discoverpublish.com/ 
    POLICIES & JOURNAL LINKS
    Author Login
    Reviewer Login
    Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherEditorial PoliciesEditorial Review PolicyPeer Review PolicyEditorial & Peer Review ProcessAuthor's Rights and ObligationsPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Privacy PolicyCorrections, Retractions & Expressions of ConcernSelf-Archiving PoliciesStatement of Informed ConsentAdvertising PolicyTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information